Numa Droz

Numa Droz
Data urodzenia	27 stycznia 1844
Data i miejsce śmierci	15 grudnia 1899 ; Berno
	Prezydent Szwajcarii
Okres	od 1881 (ponownie wybrany w 1887); do 1887
	Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Numa Droz (ur. 27 stycznia 1844, zm. 15 grudnia 1899 w Bernie) – szwajcarski polityk. Prezydent Szwajcarii w 1881 i wybrany ponownie na rok 1887. W latach 1887–1892 dyrektor centralnego urzędu międzynarodowej komunikacji kolejowej, publicysta liberalny, przeciwnik etatyzmu.

Wybrane publikacje

"La democratie fédérative et le socialisme d'Etat" (1896)
"La rachat des chemins de fer suisses" (1898)

Bibliografia

Wielka Ilustrowana Encyklopedia Powszechna, t. IV.

[:1-1] urząd pełnili Prezydenci Szwajcarii

[A]

XIX wiek	Jonas Furrer (1848, 1849) Henri Druey (1850) Josef Munzinger (1851) Jonas Furrer (1852) Wilhelm Matthias Naeff (1853) Friedrich Frey-Herosé (1854) Jonas Furrer (1855) Jakob Stämpfli (1856) Constant Fornerod (1857) Jonas Furrer (1858) Jakob Stämpfli (1859) Friedrich Frey-Herosé (1860) Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel (1861) Jakob Stämpfli (1862) Constant Fornerod (1863) Jakob Dubs (1864) Karl Schenk (1865) Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel (1866) Constant Fornerod (1867) Jakob Dubs (1868) Emil Welti (1869) Jakob Dubs (1870) Karl Schenk (1871) Emil Welti (1872) Paul Cérésole (1873) Karl Schenk (1874) Johann Jakob Scherer (1875) Emil Welti (1876) Joachim Heer (1877) Karl Schenk (1878) Bernhard Hammer (1879) Emil Welti (1880) Numa Droz (1881) Simeon Bavier (1882) Louis Ruchonnet (1883) Emil Welti (1884) Karl Schenk (1885) Adolf Deucher (1886) Numa Droz (1887) Wilhelm Hertenstein (1888) Bernhard Hammer (1888–1989) Louis Ruchonnet (1890) Emil Welti (1891) Walter Hauser (1892) Karl Schenk (1893) Emil Frey (1894) Josef Zemp (1895) Adrien Lachenal (1896) Adolf Deucher (1897) Eugène Ruffy (1898) Eduard Müller (1899) Walter Hauser (1900)
XX wiek	Ernst Brenner (1901) Josef Zemp (1902) Adolf Deucher (1903) Robert Comtesse (1904) Marc-Émile Ruchet (1905) Ludwig Forrer (1906) Eduard Müller (1907) Ernst Brenner (1908) Adolf Deucher (1909) Robert Comtesse (1910) Marc-Émile Ruchet (1911) Ludwig Forrer (1912) Eduard Müller (1913) Arthur Hoffmann (1914) Giuseppe Motta (1915) Camille Decoppet (1916) Edmund Schulthess (1917) Felix Calonder (1918) Gustave Ador (1919) Giuseppe Motta (1920) Edmund Schulthess (1921) Robert Haab (1922) Karl Scheurer (1923) Ernest Chuard (1924) Jean-Marie Musy (1925) Heinrich Häberlin (1926) Giuseppe Motta (1927) Edmund Schulthess (1928) Robert Haab (1929) Jean-Marie Musy (1930) Heinrich Häberlin (1931) Giuseppe Motta (1932) Edmund Schulthess (1933) Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1934) Rudolf Minger (1935) Albert Meyer (1936) Giuseppe Motta (1937) Johannes Baumann (1938) Philipp Etter (1939) Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1940) Ernst Wetter (1941) Philipp Etter (1942) Enrico Celio (1943) Walter Stampfli (1944) Eduard von Steiger (1945) Karl Kobelt (1946) Philipp Etter (1947) Enrico Celio (1948) Ernst Nobs (1949) Max Petitpierre (1950) Eduard von Steiger (1951) Karl Kobelt (1952) Philipp Etter (1953) Rodolphe Rubattel (1954) Max Petitpierre (1955) Markus Feldmann (1956) Hans Streuli (1957) Thomas Holenstein (1958) Paul Chaudet (1959) Max Petitpierre (1960) Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (1961) Paul Chaudet (1962) Willy Spühler (1963) Ludwig von Moos (1964) Hans-Peter Tschudi (1965) Hans Schaffner (1966) Roger Bonvin (1967) Willy Spühler (1968) Ludwig von Moos (1969) Hans-Peter Tschudi (1970) Rudolf Gnägi (1971) Nello Celio (1972) Roger Bonvin (1973) Ernst Brugger (1974) Pierre Graber (1975) Rudolf Gnägi (1976) Kurt Furgler (1977) Willi Ritschard (1978) Hans Hürlimann (1979) Georges-André Chevallaz (1980) Kurt Furgler (1981) Fritz Honegger (1982) Pierre Aubert (1983) Leon Schlumpf (1984) Kurt Furgler (1985) Alphons Egli (1986) Pierre Aubert (1987) Otto Stich (1988) Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1989) Arnold Koller (1990) Flavio Cotti (1991) René Felber (1992) Adolf Ogi (1993) Otto Stich (1994) Kaspar Villiger (1995) Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1996) Arnold Koller (1997) Flavio Cotti (1998) Ruth Dreifuss (1999) Adolf Ogi (2000)
XXI wiek	Moritz Leuenberger (2001) Kaspar Villiger (2002) Pascal Couchepin (2003) Joseph Deiss (2004) Samuel Schmid (2005) Moritz Leuenberger (2006) Micheline Calmy-Rey (2007) Pascal Couchepin (2008) Hans-Rudolf Merz (2009) Doris Leuthard (2010) Micheline Calmy-Rey (2011) Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2012) Ueli Maurer (2013) Didier Burkhalter (2014) Simonetta Sommaruga (2015) Johann Schneider-Ammann (2016) Doris Leuthard (2017) Alain Berset (2018) Ueli Maurer (2019) Simonetta Sommaruga (2020) Guy Parmelin (2021) Ignazio Cassis (2022) Alain Berset (2023) Viola Amherd (2024) Karin Keller-Sutter (2025) Guy Parmelin (2026)

XIX wiek	Henri Druey (1848, 1849) Josef Munzinger (1850) Jonas Furrer (1851) Wilhelm Matthias Näff (1852) Friedrich Frey-Herosé (1853) Ulrich Ochsenbein (1854) Jakob Stämpfli (1855) Constant Fornerod (1856) Jonas Furrer (1857) Jakob Stämpfli (1858) Friedrich Frey-Herosé (1859) Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel (1860) Jakob Stämpfli (1861) Constant Fornerod (1862) Jakob Dubs (1863) Karl Schenk (1864) Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel (1865) Constant Fornerod (1866) Jakob Dubs (1867) Emil Welti (1868) Victor Ruffy (1869) Karl Schenk (1870) Emil Welti (1871) Paul Cérésole (1872) Karl Schenk (1873) Emil Welti (1874) Eugène Borel (1875) Joachim Heer (1876) Karl Schenk (1877) Bernhard Hammer (1878) Emil Welti (1879) Fridolin Anderwert (1880) Simeon Bavier (1881) Louis Ruchonnet (1882) Emil Welti (1883) Karl Schenk (1884) Adolf Deucher (1885) Numa Droz (1886) Wilhelm Hertenstein (1887) Bernhard Hammer (1888) Louis Ruchonnet (1889) Emil Welti (1890) Walter Hauser (1891) Karl Schenk (1892) Emil Frey (1893) Josef Zemp (1894) Adrien Lachenal (1895) Adolf Deucher (1896) Eugène Ruffy (1897) Eduard Müller (1898) Walter Hauser (1899) Ernst Brenner (1900)
XX wiek	Josef Zemp (1901) Adolf Deucher (1902) Robert Comtesse (1903) Marc-Émile Ruchet (1904) Ludwig Forrer (1905) Eduard Müller (1906) Ernst Brenner (1907) Josef Zemp (1908) Adolf Deucher (1908) Robert Comtesse (1909) Marc-Émile Ruchet (1910) Ludwig Forrer (1911) Eduard Müller (1912) Arthur Hoffmann (1913) Giuseppe Motta (1914) Camille Decoppet (1915) Edmund Schulthess (1916) Felix Calonder (1917) Eduard Müller (1918) Giuseppe Motta (1919) Edmund Schulthess (1920) Robert Haab (1921) Karl Scheurer (1922) Ernest Chuard (1923) Jean-Marie Musy (1924) Heinrich Häberlin (1925) Giuseppe Motta (1926) Edmund Schulthess (1927) Robert Haab (1928) Karl Scheurer (1929) Heinrich Häberlin (1930) Giuseppe Motta (1931) Edmund Schulthess (1932) Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1933) Rudolf Minger (1934) Albert Meyer (1935) Giuseppe Motta (1936) Johannes Baumann (1937) Philipp Etter (1938) Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1939) Rudolf Minger (1940) Hermann Obrecht (1940) Philipp Etter (1941) Enrico Celio (1942) Walter Stampfli (1943) Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1944) Karl Kobelt (1945) Philipp Etter (1946) Enrico Celio (1947) Ernst Nobs (1948) Max Petitpierre (1949) Eduard von Steiger (1950) Karl Kobelt (1951) Philipp Etter (1952) Rodolphe Rubattel (1953) Josef Escher (1954) Markus Feldmann (1955) Hans Streuli (1956) Thomas Holenstein (1957) Paul Chaudet (1958) Giuseppe Lepori (1959) Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (1960) Paul Chaudet (1961) Jean Bourgknecht (1962) Willy Spühler (1962) Ludwig von Moos (1963) Hans-Peter Tschudi (1964) Hans Schaffner (1965) Roger Bonvin (1966) Willy Spühler (1967) Ludwig von Moos (1968) Hans-Peter Tschudi (1969) Rudolf Gnägi (1970) Nello Celio (1971) Roger Bonvin (1972) Ernst Brugger (1973) Pierre Graber (1974) Rudolf Gnägi (1975) Kurt Furgler (1976) Willi Ritschard (1977) Hans Hürlimann (1978) Georges-André Chevallaz (1979) Kurt Furgler (1980) Fritz Honegger (1981) Pierre Aubert (1982) Willi Ritschard (1983) Kurt Furgler (1984) Alphons Egli (1985) Pierre Aubert (1986) Otto Stich (1987) Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1988) Elisabeth Kopp (1989) Arnold Koller (1989) Flavio Cotti (1990) René Felber (1991) Adolf Ogi (1992) Otto Stich (1993) Kaspar Villiger (1994) Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1995) Arnold Koller (1996) Flavio Cotti (1997) Ruth Dreifuss (1998) Adolf Ogi (1999) Moritz Leuenberger (2000)
XXI wiek	Kaspar Villiger (2001) Pascal Couchepin (2002) Ruth Metzler-Arnold (2003) Samuel Schmid (2004) Moritz Leuenberger (2005) Micheline Calmy-Rey (2006) Pascal Couchepin (2007) Hans-Rudolf Merz (2008) Doris Leuthard (2009) Moritz Leuenberger (2010) Micheline Calmy-Rey (2010) Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2011) Ueli Maurer (2012) Didier Burkhalter (2013) Simonetta Sommaruga (2014) Johann Schneider-Ammann (2015) Doris Leuthard (2016) Alain Berset (2017) Ueli Maurer (2018) Simonetta Sommaruga (2019) Guy Parmelin (2020) Ignazio Cassis (2021) Alain Berset (2022) Viola Amherd (2023) Karin Keller-Sutter (2024) Guy Parmelin (2025) Ignazio Cassis (2026)

XIX wiek	Jonas Furrer (1848–1861^[u]) Ulrich Ochsenbein (1848–1854) Henri Druey (1848–1855^[u]) Martin J. Munzinger (1848–1855^[u]) Stefano Franscini (1848-1857^[u]) Friedrich Frey-Herosé (1848–1866) Wilhelm Matthias Naeff (1848–1875) Jakob Stämpfli (1854–1863) Constant Fornerod (1855–1867) Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel (1855-1875) Giovanni Battista Pioda (1857–1864) Jakob Dubs (1861–1872) Karl Schenk (1863–1895^[u]) Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel (1864–1872) Emil Welti (1866–1891) Victor Ruffy (1867–1869) Paul Cérésole (1870–1875) Johann Jakob Scherer (1872–1878^[u]) Eugène Borel (1872–1875) Joachim Heer (1875–1878) Fridolin Anderwert (1875–1880^[u]) Bernhard Hammer (1875–1890) Numa Droz (1875–1892) Simeon Bavier (1878–1883) Wilhelm Hertenstein (1879–1888) Antoine Louis John Ruchonnet (1881–1893^[u]) Adolf Deucher (1883–1912^[u]) Walter Hauser (1888–1902^[u]) Emil Frey (1890–1897) Joseph Zemp (1891–1908) Adrien Lachenal (1892–1899) Eugène Ruffy (1893–1899) Eduard Müller (1895–1919^[u]) Ernst Brenner (1897–1911^[u]) Robert Comtesse (1899–1912) Marc-Emile Ruchet (1899–1912)
XX wiek	Ludwig Forrer (1902–1917) Josef Anton Schobinger (1908–1911^[u]) Arthur Hoffmann (1911–1917) Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940^[u]) Louis Perrier (1912–1913^[u]) Camille Decoppet (1912–1919) Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935) Felix-Louis Calonder (1913–1920) Gustave Ador (1917–1919) Robert Haab (1917–1929) Karl Scheurer (1919^[u]) Ernest Chuard (1919–1928) Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934) Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934) Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1928–1944) Rudolf Minger (1929–1940) Albert Meyer (1929–1938) Johannes Baumann (1934–1940) Philipp Etter (1934–1959) Hermann Obrecht (1935–1940) Ernst Wetter (1938–1943) Enrico Celio (1940–1950) Walter Stampfli (1940–1947) Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951) Karl Kobelt (1940–1954) Ernst Nobs (1943–1951) Max Petitpierre (1944–1961) Rodolphe Rubattel (1947–1954) Josef Escher (1950–1954) Markus Feldmann (1951–1958^[u]) Max Weber (1951–1953) Hans Streuli (1953–1959) Thomas Holenstein (1954–1959) Paul Chaudet (1954–1966) Giuseppe Lepori (1954–1959) Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (1958–1965) Jean Bourgknecht (1959–1962) Willy Spühler (1959–1970) Ludwig von Moos (1959–1971) Hans Peter Tschudi (1959–1973) Hans Schaffner (1961–1969) Roger Bonvin (1962–1973) Rudolf Gnägi (1965–1979) Nello Celio (1966–1973) Pierre Graber (1969–1978) Ernst Brugger (1969–1978) Kurt Furgler (1971–1986) Willy Ritschard (1973–1983) Hans Hürlimann (1973–1982) Georges-André Chevallaz (1973–1983) Fritz Honegger (1977–1982) Pierre Aubert (1977–1987) Leon Schlumpf (1979–1987) Alphons Egli (1982–1986) Rudolf Friedrich (1982–1984) Otto Stich (1983–1995) Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998) Elisabeth Kopp (1984–1989) Arnold Koller (1986–1999) Flavio Cotti (1986–1999) René Felber (1987–1993) Adolf Ogi (1987–2000) Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003) Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002) Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010) Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009) Ruth Metzler-Arnold (1999–2003) Joseph Deiss (1999–2006) Samuel Schmid (2000–2008)
XXI wiek	Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011) Christoph Blocher (2003–2007) Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010) Doris Leuthard (2006–2018) Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2007–2015) Ueli Maurer (2008–2023) Didier Burkhalter (2009–2017) Simonetta Sommaruga (2010–2023) Johann Schneider-Ammann (2010–2018) Alain Berset (2011–2023) Guy Parmelin (od 2015) Ignazio Cassis (od 2017) Viola Amherd (2018–2025) Karin Keller-Sutter (od 2018) Albert Rösti (od 2023) Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (od 2023) Beat Jans (od 2024) Martin Pfister (od 2025)